Which register classes do rd and rs1 use in fcvt.d.w?
This is an integer-to-floating-point conversion: rs1 is an integer register and rd is a floating-point register.
FCVT.D.W
RISC-V FCVT.D.W Instruction Details
Instruction ManualR-typeConvert a signed 32-bit integer to double precision exactly.
Instruction Syntax
fcvt.d.w rd, rs1, rm
rd selects f0–f31; rs1 selects integer x0–x31 (x0 is always zero); rs2 selects format W, not a second source register.
32-bit OP-FP: funct5=11010, fmt=01, rs2=00000, opcode=1010011; no immediate.
D supports RV32/RV64; conversion is exact and software should select rne. Optional rm defaults to dyn; reserved rounding encodings remain reserved.
Enable required extensions and FP state. Check FP-source NaN-boxing when narrower than FLEN; a narrower destination gets upper ones. Applicable exceptions accrue in fflags; setting a flag does not itself cause an FP exception trap.
DFloating-Point Convert
Instruction Behavior
fcvt.d.w converts a signed 32-bit integer source to a double-precision floating-point result. This conversion is exact, so the encoded rounding mode does not change the numeric result.
FCVT.D.W Decode And Execute Animation
Shows the D-extension FCVT flow: decode OP-FP fields, fmt/rs2 conversion selection, the rm rounding field, read the integer source, then write the floating-point destination.
rd
rs1
rm
fcvt.d.w
,
,
Leave rm empty for the assembly default dyn (111); this DYN example fixes frm=RNE. Use lowercase rne/rtz/rdn/rup/rmm/dyn only.
Execution Context
fmt=D (01)
rs2=W
rounding: RNE nearest-even
fflags: 0
Assume required extensions and FP state are enabled, applicable source NaN-boxing is valid, and initial fflags=0. Results preview the current input; Writeback represents commit.
31..27
26..25
24..20
19..15
14..12
11..7
6..0
11010
FCVT.D
01
fmt=D
00000
rs2=W
01011
rs1
000
rm
01010
rd
1010011
OP-FP
Execution Data Path
instruction
0xD2058553
opcode
1010011 -> OP-FP
funct5/fmt
11010 + 01 -> FCVT.D.W
rs2
00000 -> W source
rm
000 -> RNE nearest-even
rd/rs1
fa0(f10) / a1(x11)
read
a1(x11) = -42
convert
int32 -42 -> D -42.0
write
fa0(f10) = -42.0; 0
Current Step
Fetch: show the 32-bit OP-FP encoding
The word is split as an R-type OP-FP instruction; FCVT uses opcode 1010011.
encoding: 0xD2058553
syntax : fcvt.d.w fa0(f10), a1(x11), rne
result : fa0(f10) = -42.0; 0
A 32-bit integer is exactly representable as double precision, so example fflags remains 0.
FCVT Conversion View
W source
-42
conversion
int32 -42 -> D -42.0
writeback
fa0(f10) = -42.0
A 32-bit integer is exactly representable as double precision, so example fflags remains 0.
This animation shows only D-extension FCVT ISA-visible encoding, source/destination register direction, rounding field, and example fflags; it does not model FPU pipelines, exception handling, NaN payloads, or microarchitecture.
Quick Understanding & Search Notes
fcvt.d.w reads a signed 32-bit integer from integer register rs1, converts it to double precision, and writes f[rd]; a 32-bit integer is exactly representable as double, so the numeric result does not depend on rm.
OP-FP opcode is 1010011; funct5=11010 denotes integer-to-FP FCVT and fmt=01 denotes D destination format.
rs2=00000 selects the W signed 32-bit integer source; rs1 is an integer register.
rd is an FP register and the result is written in D format; 32-bit integer to double conversion is exact.
The encoding includes rm; a lowercase rounding operand is optional and defaults to dyn. Software should select rne; legal rm values do not change the exact result, and reserved encodings remain reserved.
The instruction does not read an FP source register, so there is no source NaN-boxing requirement.
Examples assume required extensions and FP state are enabled and initial fflags=0. Exception flags accrue; setting a flag does not itself cause an FP exception trap.
Supported on RV32 and RV64; W/WU reads the low 32 source bits as signed/unsigned. The x0 source always reads 0.
Common Usage Scenarios
Integer-to-FP conversion
Understand this scenario with real code like «fcvt.d.w f0, x10, rne # 42 -> 42.0; initial x10=42, fflags=0».
Pre-Use Checklist
Syntax Check
- rd selects f0–f31; rs1 selects integer x0–x31 (x0 is always zero); rs2 selects format W, not a second source register.
- 32-bit OP-FP: funct5=11010, fmt=01, rs2=00000, opcode=1010011; no immediate.
Semantic Check
- D supports RV32/RV64; conversion is exact and software should select rne. Optional rm defaults to dyn; reserved rounding encodings remain reserved.
- Enable required extensions and FP state. Check FP-source NaN-boxing when narrower than FLEN; a narrower destination gets upper ones. Applicable exceptions accrue in fflags; setting a flag does not itself cause an FP exception trap.
Pitfalls / Common Confusions
W/WU forms read a 32-bit signed or unsigned integer source value.
The integer source operand comes from x[rs1], not a floating-point register, so there is no source NaN-boxing requirement.
The floating-point result is NaN-boxed in wider FLEN registers according to the destination format.
FAQ
How is the rm field handled by fcvt.d.w?
The encoding includes rm; a lowercase rounding operand is optional and defaults to dyn. Software should select rne; legal rm values do not change the exact result, and reserved encodings remain reserved.
What does the rs2 field select in fcvt.d.w?
rs2 is not an ordinary source register; in the FCVT encoding it selects the W signed 32-bit integer format.