Home/Instructions/Multiply High Signed×Unsigned
MULHSU

RISC-V MULHSU Instruction Details

Instruction ManualR-type

Signed×unsigned multiply, return upper XLEN bits of product

Instruction Syntax

mulhsu rd, rs1, rs2
Operand Breakdown
Destination rd: register receiving the operation result.
Source rs1: register holding the first operand.
Source rs2: register holding the second operand.
MArithmeticMultiplication

Instruction Behavior

MULHSU treats rs1 as signed and rs2 as unsigned, multiplies them, and returns the upper XLEN bits of the full product. It is used in multi-word signed multiplication where the most-significant word (which contains the sign bit) of the multiplicand multiplies less-significant, unsigned words of the multiplier. It is defined by M and is also included in Zmmul.

MULHSU Decode And Execute Animation

Starts with machine-code field decoding, then shows operand reads, instruction-specific execution, and ISA-visible state update.

rd
rs1
rs2
mulhsu
,
,
Execution Context
a6(x16)
0xFFFFFFF0
t2(x7)
0x00000007
31..25
24..20
19..15
14..12
11..7
6..0
0000001
funct7
00111
rs2
10000
rs1
010
funct3
00101
rd
0110011
opcode
Execution Data Path
instruction
0x027822B3
opcode
0110011 -> OP
funct3
010 -> MULHSU
funct7
0000001 -> integer multiply selector
rd / rs1 / rs2
t0(x5) / a6(x16)=0xFFFFFFF0 (-16) / t2(x7)=0x00000007 (7)
32-bit multiply
-16 x 7 -> full[63:0]=0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFF90 -> product[63:32]=0xFFFFFFFF (signed rs1 x unsigned rs2)
x5
t0(x5) = 0xFFFFFFFF
Current Step

Concept Step: receive the 32-bit instruction encoding

The machine code is split by the current instruction format; the animation starts from encoding/decode.

encoding: 0x027822B3
syntax : mulhsu t0(x5), a6(x16), t2(x7)
result : t0(x5) = 0xFFFFFFFF
Architectural Result
t0(x5) = 0xFFFFFFFF

This animation shows ISA-visible decode and state changes, not any specific CPU pipeline, cache, prediction, or timing implementation.

Common Usage Scenarios

Multi-word signed multiplication

Understand this scenario with real code like «mulhsu t0, a0, a1 # t0 = upper XLEN bits of signed(a0) * unsigned(a1)».

Pre-Use Checklist

Syntax Check
  • Verify rd, rs1, rs2 (and rs3) are valid GPRs.
  • Confirm funct3 and funct7 encoding is correct.
Semantic Check
  • Check if the result affects subsequent branches or address calculations.
  • Ensure the rd register is not overwritten by another instruction.

Pitfalls / Common Confusions

Operand order has semantics: rs1 is signed, rs2 is unsigned, not interchangeable