RVOPcode
Back To CSR WorkbenchView In Register Browser
CSR Bit Fields

RISC-V pmpaddr28 CSR Register

Address 0x3CCPrivilege MachineAccess RW / MXLEN: RV32 encodes PA[33:2]; RV64 [53:0] encodes PA[55:2] and [63:54] is zeroMachine physical memory protection CSRs

pmpaddr28 (0x3CC) is the WARL address register for machine PMP entry 28 when 64 PMP entries are implemented; it encodes physical address bits 33:2 on RV32 and 55:2 on RV64.

Related Search Terms
pmpaddr28 CSRpmpaddr28 0x3CCpmpaddr28 TORpmpaddr28 NAPOTpmpaddr28 grainpmp28cfg A
Bit Overview
bit 3 = only bit 3; bits 12..11 = bits 12 down to 11
MSBLSB
063:54WARL/reads zeroaddress[55:2]53:0WARL/may be RO0
Field Map

Understand pmpaddr28 By Bit Fields

2 key fields
63:54

0

WARL/reads zero

RV64: the upper ten bits are zero in the standard pmpaddr format; this segment is part of the WARL format.

0 (bits 63:54) — RV64: the upper ten bits are zero in the standard pmpaddr format; this segment is part of the WARL format.

What This Field Controls

  • - RV64: the upper ten bits are zero in the standard pmpaddr format; this segment is part of the WARL format.

Common Values

This field is better understood together with surrounding context than as a fixed memorized enumeration.

↗Open Official Manual
53:0

address[55:2]

WARL/may be RO0

RV64: encodes bits 55:2 of a 56-bit physical address. Unimplemented physical-address bits make the field WARL; every PMP CSR field may be implemented as read-only zero.

address[55:2] (bits 53:0) — RV64: encodes bits 55:2 of a 56-bit physical address. Unimplemented physical-address bits make the field WARL; every PMP CSR field may be implemented as read-only zero.

What This Field Controls

  • - RV64: encodes bits 55:2 of a 56-bit physical address. Unimplemented physical-address bits make the field WARL; every PMP CSR field may be implemented as read-only zero.

Common Values

This field is better understood together with surrounding context than as a fixed memorized enumeration.

↗Open Official Manual
Official Basis & Search Notes

pmpaddr28 is the MXLEN-bit WARL address encoding for entry 28 when 64 PMP entries are implemented. pmp28cfg.A determines its meaning; TOR uses pmpaddr27 as the lower bound.

RV32 pmpaddr encodes PA[33:2]; RV64 [53:0] encodes PA[55:2], with [63:54] zero.
TOR entry 28 uses pmpaddr27 as its lower bound and pmpaddr28 as its upper bound; NAPOT uses low pmpaddr28 bits to encode a naturally aligned power-of-two region of at least 8 bytes.
Platform grain changes low-bit readback; pmp28cfg.L or a locked TOR entry 29 can cause writes to pmpaddr28 to be ignored. Smepmp MML=1 changes L's permission meaning, but the relevant L=1 rules remain locked unless RLB=1 temporarily bypasses locking.
RISC-V ISA Manual 2026-07-09 release - Machine ISA PMPRISC-V Privileged Architecture - Physical Memory ProtectionRISC-V Privileged Architecture - Smepmp Physical Memory Protection Rules

What To Check First When Reading This CSR

  • - PMP is optional; implementations may provide 0, 16, or 64 entries, with the lowest-numbered entries implemented first. Therefore, pmpaddr28 exists only when 64 entries are implemented; every PMP CSR field is WARL and may be read-only zero.
  • - pmpaddr28 is accessible only to M-mode. Its readback depends on pmp28cfg.A and the platform-wide PMP grain G.
  • - With G>=2 and A=NAPOT, pmpaddr28[G-2:0] reads as ones; with G>=1 and A=OFF/TOR, pmpaddr28[G-1:0] reads as zeros, but those bits do not affect TOR matching. Changing pmp28cfg.A[1] changes readback, not the underlying stored value.
  • - Reset specifies defaults only for writable PMP A/L fields (subject to platform overrides); pmpaddr28's reset value is unspecified, but no WARL field contains an illegal value.

Risk Checks Before Writing

  • - Writes to pmpaddr28 are ignored when pmp28cfg.L=1; pmpaddr28 is also unwritable as entry 29's lower bound when that entry is locked with pmp29cfg.A=TOR. Without Smepmp, locking persists until hart reset. With Smepmp MML=1, L changes permission meaning, but the L=1 M-mode-only or locked Shared-Region rules it defines remain locked unless mseccfg.RLB=1 temporarily bypasses locking.
  • - pmpaddr28 is WARL; read it back after writing and interpret the masked value using the current pmp28cfg.A and grain.
  • - With pmp28cfg.A=TOR, entry 28 matches pmpaddr27 <= y < pmpaddr28; if the lower bound is not less than the upper bound, it matches no addresses. NA4 is not selectable when G>=1.

Put It Back Into A Real Flow

1

Read pmp28cfg.A to determine whether entry 28 uses OFF, TOR, NA4, or NAPOT.

2

Write pmpaddr28 for the selected mode; TOR also requires lower bound pmpaddr27, while NAPOT encodes range size in low bits.

3

Read back pmpaddr28 and the corresponding pmpcfg CSR to confirm the effective WARL/grain encoding; set pmp28cfg.L only after final verification.

FAQ

Where do pmpaddr28's TOR bounds come from?

With pmp28cfg.A=TOR, pmpaddr27 supplies the lower bound and pmpaddr28 the upper bound, so entry 28 matches the half-open range pmpaddr27 <= y < pmpaddr28; it matches no addresses when the lower bound is not less than the upper bound.

Why can pmpaddr28 read back differently from the written value?

pmpaddr28 is WARL, and platform grain plus pmp28cfg.A[1] masks low-bit readback: NAPOT can read ones while OFF/TOR reads zeros. Changing A[1] does not alter the underlying stored value.