Add rs1 and rs2, place result in rd
ADD is an R-type instruction in the RISC-V RV32I/RV64I base integer set. Its assembly syntax is `add rd, rs1, rs2` — it adds the values in registers rs1 and rs2 and writes the result to rd. Overflow is silently ignored; only the lower XLEN bits are kept (32-bit result on RV32, 64-bit on RV64). ADD uses opcode 0110011 with funct3=000 and funct7=0000000. For immediate addition, use ADDI instead.
ADD (R-type) adds rs1 and rs2 (overflow ignored, low XLEN bits retained), writing to rd. funct7=0000000, funct3=000. The most fundamental arithmetic operation in RISC-V. Paired with ADDI for base+offset address computations.
Starts with machine-code field decoding, then shows operand reads, instruction-specific execution, and ISA-visible state update.
The machine code is split by the current instruction format; the animation starts from encoding/decode.
This animation shows ISA-visible decode and state changes, not any specific CPU pipeline, cache, prediction, or timing implementation.
ADD is register-to-register integer addition. In RV32I/RV64I semantics it adds rs1 and rs2, writes rd, does not trap on arithmetic overflow, and keeps the XLEN-wide result.
These notes are checked against the RISC-V Unprivileged ISA manual and summarize operation semantics, immediate ranges, and edge behavior.
Integer addition keeps only the low XLEN bits of the result; arithmetic overflow does not raise an exception. Software must add explicit checks when overflow detection is required.
RISC-V Unprivileged ISA, RV32I integer computational instructionsADD is an R-type instruction. Both operands come from rs1 and rs2, and the result is written to rd. Use ADDI for immediate addition.
RISC-V Unprivileged ISA, RV32I integer computational instructionsADD takes two register operands (rs1 + rs2), while ADDI takes one register and a 12-bit signed immediate (rs1 + imm). ADD is an R-type instruction (opcode 0110011); ADDI is I-type (opcode 0010011). If you need to add a constant outside the -2048 to 2047 range, load it into a temporary register first (using LUI+ADDI) and then use ADD.
ADD and SUB are both R-type instructions sharing the same opcode (0110011) and funct3 (000). They are distinguished solely by the funct7 field: ADD uses funct7 = 0000000 while SUB uses funct7 = 0100000. In other words, bit 30 of the instruction word selects between addition (bit30=0) and subtraction (bit30=1). RISC-V designed it this way to simplify decode logic and avoid wasting extra opcode space.
Understand this scenario with real code like «add x5, x6, x7 # x5 = x6 + x7».
Understand this scenario with real code like «add x5, x6, x7 # x5 = x6 + x7».
Understand this scenario with real code like «add x5, x6, x7 # x5 = x6 + x7».
No. Base integer addition ignores arithmetic overflow; software must add explicit checks when overflow detection is required.
Use ADD when both operands are registers. Use ADDI when the second operand is a sign-extended 12-bit immediate.