Home/Instructions/Shift Right Arithmetic Immediate Word
SRAIW

RISC-V SRAIW Instruction Details

Instruction ManualI-type

Shift 32-bit value in rs1 right arithmetically by immediate, sign-extend 32-bit result to 64 bits

Instruction Syntax

sraiw rd, rs1, shamt
Operand Breakdown
Destination rd: general-purpose register receiving the result.
Source rs1: register holding the first operand.
Immediate imm: 12-bit signed value, sign-extended before operation with rs1.
RV64IArithmetic32-bit Shift

Instruction Encoding

31..20
imm[11:0]
19..15
rs1
14..12
funct3
11..7
rd
6..0
opcode

SRAIW uses opcode 0011011 (0x1b), funct3 101, funct7 0100000. The rs1 field selects the source register, the 12-bit immediate provides the second operand, and rd selects the destination.

Format: I-type
opcode: 0011011 (0x1b)
funct3: 101 (0x5)
funct7: 0100000 (0x20)

Instruction Behavior

SRAIW (I-type, opcode=0011011, funct3=101, funct7=0100000) performs an arithmetic right shift on the lower 32 bits of rs1 (original sign bit is copied into the vacated upper bits) by the shift amount in imm[4:0]. The 32-bit result is sign-extended to 64 bits. imm[5] must be 0, otherwise the encoding is reserved.

Common Usage Scenarios

Bit Operations & Masks

Understand this scenario with real code like «sraiw x10, x11, 2 # x10 = sign-extend((x11[31:0] >>> 2)[31:0])».

Multiplication & Division

Understand this scenario with real code like «sraiw x10, x11, 2 # x10 = sign-extend((x11[31:0] >>> 2)[31:0])».

Pre-Use Checklist

Syntax Check
  • Confirm the current instruction format is I-type.
  • Confirm the operand order matches the example.
Semantic Check
  • Ensure the destination register usage is compatible with the calling convention.
  • Confirm this is not the lower-level form of a pseudo-instruction expansion.

Pitfalls / Common Confusions

Shift amounts >31 are reserved encodings
Arithmetic shift preserves sign, unlike SRLIW
W-suffix instructions produce a 32-bit result and sign-extend bit 31 to XLEN; do not treat them as ordinary 64-bit operations.
These W-suffix forms belong to RV64I or RV64 extension instructions; RV32 has no corresponding forms.